Acute Coronary Syndrome (Acs) Risk Factors And Its Manifestations In Young Patients: A Multicenter Study

Original Article

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the conventional and non-conventional ACS risk factors in young patients, their associations, and to determine the various manifestations of ACS in young patients.

Study Design: A Multi Center Cross Sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study. Tertiary care hospitals of KPK from May to Oct 2024.

Materials and Methods: This multicenter study was conducted over six months. A total of 139 young acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients of both genders were included using convenience sampling, while acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina resulting from graft blockage, coronary aneurysms, congenital heart diseases, and severe co-morbid conditions were excluded. After ethical approval, data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and Excel.

Results: The majority (64%) were male and the mean age was 39.69+4.40. Chest pain (87.8%) and anterior MI (27%) were common. STEMI was identified in the majority (46%) and more in males. Hypertension, family history, and dyslipidemia were common. Conventional risk factors were more prevalent in males, STEMI, and in the 36-40 years age range, while chest radiation exposure was found higher (57.9%) in females, and diabetes among NSTEMI and 41-45 age group patients. Urea and ESR had a significant impact on STEMI, while RBS and ESR on NSTEMI. Mild PAH and mild LV systolic dysfunction were common and mean EF (%) was lower in NSTEMI ACS.

Conclusion: STEMI was a common ACS manifestation and hypertension was most prevalent. Smoking and radiation exposure were significantly associated with gender, while urea, and ESR significantly impact ACS manifestations. Mean EF was significantly different among ACS types. Nevertheless, early recognition of risk factors and proper management can prevent ACS progression.