Fetomaternal Outcomes In Women Scheduled For C-Section In General And Spinal Anesthesia

Original Article

Abstract

Objective: Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most routinely performed surgical procedures globally, with anesthesia having a significant role in deciding maternal and newborn outcomes.

Study Design: A Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of the Study: Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore and duration of the study was six months jan 2024 to june 2024

Methodology: This comparative study included 100 women scheduled for elective C-sections, evenly divided into GA (n=50) and SA (n=50) groups. Demographic data, including age, BMI, parity, and gestational age, were recorded. Perioperative metrics including anesthetic induction duration, anticipated blood loss, hemodynamic stability, and recovery durations were assessed. Neonatal outcomes, encompassing APGAR scores, NICU admissions, and birth weights, were recorded.

Results: Spinal anesthesia (SA) demonstrated superior outcomes compared to general anesthesia (GA) in cesarean sections, evidenced by reduced blood loss (500 ± 80 mL vs. 600 ± 100 mL), abbreviated hospital stays (3 ± 1 days vs. 4 ± 1 days), and enhanced patient satisfaction (9.0 ± 0.8 vs. 7.5 ± 0.8). In SA, neonatal outcomes improved with higher APGAR scores at 1 minute (8.6 ± 0.9 vs. 8.2 ± 1.1) and 5 minutes (9.8 ± 0.5 vs. 9.5 ± 0.7) and fewer NICU admissions (8% vs. 10% South Africa exhibited diminished postoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure (120 ± 10 mmHg vs. 125 ± 12 mmHg and 72 ± 6 mmHg vs. 75 ± 7 mmHg), along with a decreased heart rate elevation (85 ± 9 beats/min vs. 90 ± 10 beats/min). SA demonstrated a reduced anesthetic induction duration (7 ± 1 min vs. 10 ± 2 min) and expedited postoperative ward transfer (10 ± 2 min vs. 15 ± 3 min). Regression analysis showed that preoperative vitals, age, BMI, and hospital stay duration predicted postoperative results. Cesarean patients exhibited enhanced perioperative stability, expedited recovery, and more satisfaction with spinal anesthesia.

Conclusion: General anesthesia (GA) causes more blood loss, slower recovery, and lower patient satisfaction than spinal anesthesia (SA) for cesarean sections. SA also improves newborn outcomes and perioperative stability.