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Diaphyseal Nutrient Foramina In Dired Human Adult Long Bones Of Upper Limb In Pakistan

Abstract



BACKGROUND: Large and tiny foramina on long bones allow blood vessels to enter. These foramina, which go by diaphyseal nutrient foramina, are bigger and are found mostly in the long bone shafts, where they enter nutrition canals that lead to the medullary cavity. These nutrition canals house nutrient arteries and veins, which may be seen in long and irregular bones. These foramina are located in the shafts of long bones and various places in irregular bones. The orientation of the nutrition foramina, which develops quicker than the non-growing end, is determined by the growing end of the bones.
STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional Study
DURATION AND PLACE OF STUDY: Department Of Anatomy, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from jan 2017 to Jan 2018.
METHODS: The current investigation contained ninety human upper limb long bones. These skeletons were dried and cleaned. Thirty ulnae, 30 radii, and 30 humerii were among them. The anatomy departments of Ayub and Khyber Medical Colleges provided these bones, respectively. It was unknown how old and what gender the bones were. Every bone was examined macroscopically to determine the nutrition foramina’s quantity, orientation, and direction. Simple counting was done for the number. The foramina were numbered one millimeter from the boundaries. Every location of the foramina was seen under a microscope. The stiff wire was employed for obliquity and direction.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional investigation included 90 lengthy bones of the upper Limb. The long bones of the upper limbs comprise 80% of a single nourishment foramina. There were two nutritional foramina in 18% of the upper limbs’ long bones. The orientation of nutritional foramina was distal in humeri cases. In the cases of radii and ulnae, the orientation was proximal.
CONCLUSION: The research has supplied further details on the morphology, topography, and foramina index of the nutrient foramina. Given the growing popularity of micro-vascular bone transfer, anatomical data about the long bones of the upper limbs is crucial for doctors.

Fatima Sherin

Department of Anatomy, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan

Ejaz Afzal

Department of Anatomy, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan

Zahid Irfan Marwat

Department of Bio-Chemistry, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan

Dr. Ejaz Afzal

Department of Anatomy, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan

Email: drejazafzal@yahoo.com

Mobile: 0333-5023727